Cyber security (For English Medium)

 

Cyber Security

Cyber security is the technology through which computers, mobile phones, servers, networks, software, and data are protected from cyber attacks occurring on the internet.
In simple words, cyber security means the protection of our information on the internet.

Definition of Cyber Security
Cyber security is the process of protecting computers, networks, mobile phones, servers, and data from cyber crimes.
                                                             Or
Cyber security is the technology that protects digital systems from unauthorized access, damage, and theft.

Need of Cyber Security
Today is the digital age. We use online banking, online education, online shopping, and social media.All these involve our personal and confidential data, which is very important to keep safe.

Why Cyber Security is Necessary

1. Protection of personal data
2. Protection of banking and financial information
3. Prevention of cyber crimes
4. Maintaining national security
5. Protection from online fraud

Elements of Cyber Security

1. Application Security
   Protecting apps and software from viruses and hacking.
2. Network Security
   Protecting networks from unauthorized access and data theft.
3. Cloud Security
   Protecting data stored in the cloud.
4. IoT Security
   Security of smart devices such as smart TV, smart bulb, smart lock, etc.
5. Mobile Security
   Protecting the data present in mobile phones.

Importance of Cyber Security

1. Protection of sensitive data
2. Prevention of cyber attacks
3. Protection of important services
4. Maintaining national security
5. Protection of privacy

Cyber Crime

A crime committed using computers, the internet, or digital devices is called cyber crime.

Examples

1. Online fraud
2. Data theft
3. Account hacking
4. Fake websites

Definition of Cyber Crime
Any illegal activity done through a computer or the internet is called cyber crime.

Types of Cyber Crime

1. Hacking:- Illegally entering a system or network.
2. Phishing:- Stealing information through fake emails or messages.
3. Cyber Fraud:- Stealing money or information by deception.
4. Spoofing:- Cheating by pretending to be someone else.
5. Cyber Bullying:-Threatening or harassing someone on the internet.

 

Hacking

Hacking means unauthorized access to a computer system or network.

Types of Hacking

1.     Ethical Hacking

1.     Done for good purposes.

2.     It is done to find weaknesses in the system.

3.     It is called white hat hacking.

 

2. Malicious Hacking

1.     Done to cause harm.

2.     Data theft and account hacking are done.

3.     It is called black hat hacking.

 

3.     Other Types of Hacking

1.     Computer hacking

2.     Mobile hacking

3.     Email hacking

4.     Website hacking

5.     Password hacking

6.     Network hacking

Hacker
A person who intrudes into a computer or network is called a hacker.

Types of Hackers

1. White hat hacker, who works for good purposes.
2. Black hat hacker, who commits crimes.
3. Grey hat hacker, who does both types of work.

1.     White hat hacker:- A white hat hacker works for good purposes. They are legally allowed to test computer systems. Their main work is to find security weaknesses and report them so that systems can be made safe. They help companies and governments improve cyber security.

2.     Black hat hacker:- A black hat hacker commits crimes on the internet. They break into computers and networks without permission. Their aim is to steal data, money, passwords, or damage systems. Black hat hacking is illegal and punishable by law.

3.     Grey hat hacker:- A grey hat hacker is in between white hat and black hat hackers. They may enter systems without permission but usually do not steal or harm data. Sometimes they inform the owner about the weakness, but their actions are not completely legal.

 

Phishing
Phishing is a cyber crime in which personal information such as bank details, passwords, and OTP are stolen by deception.

Types of Phishing

1. Email phishing
2. Spear phishing
3. Smishing, through SMS
4. Vishing, through calls
5. Angler phishing, through social media

Ways to Prevent Phishing

1. Never share OTP.
2. Do not click on unknown links.
3. Keep strong passwords.
4. Use antivirus software.
5. Open emails only after checking them.

Cyber Fraud
Cyber fraud is a crime in which money, information, or identity is stolen from a person by deception using the internet, computer, or digital media.
In this, criminals trap people through fake websites, emails, calls, or messages.

Common Types of Cyber Fraud

1. Phishing:- By sending fake emails, websites, or messages, username, password, and card details are stolen from users.
2. Identity Theft:- Misuse of someone’s identity such as Aadhaar, PAN, or bank details by stealing them.
3. Online Scam:-Cheating money by luring people with fake lottery, investment schemes, or prize offers.
4. Ransomware Attack:-Data is locked and money is demanded to unlock it.
5. Card Skimming:- Stealing card number, PIN, and other information from ATMs or machines.
6. Fake Donation:- Cheating money by creating fake donation websites during disasters.
7. Online Banking Scam:- Illegal transactions by stealing information related to bank accounts.

Ways to Prevent Cyber Fraud

1. Use antivirus and firewall.
2. Use encryption for important data.
3. Use two factor authentication.

Spoofing
Spoofing is a technique in which criminals cheat by pretending to be someone else.

Types of Spoofing

1. ARP Spoofing
   Stealing data by entering between a network.
2. Content Spoofing
   Taking information by showing fake websites or content.

Prevention from Spoofing

1. Do not click on unknown links.
2. Install only trusted apps.
3. Avoid public WiFi.
4. Use security software.

Cyber Bullying
Threatening, insulting, or harassing someone through the internet is called cyber bullying.

Effects

1.      Mental stress

2.     Lack of self confidence

3.     Social loss

 

Prevention

1.     Report

2.     Block

3.     Stay aware

 

Reporting Cyber Crime

1. Report to the local police station.
2. File a complaint on the cyber crime portal.
3. Inform the bank immediately.
4. Report on social media platforms.
5. Report phishing emails.